Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a silent epidemic that affects millions worldwide. Characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms like cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing, COPD significantly impacts quality of life and can lead to severe health complications.

The Rising Threat

Approximately 10% of the global population suffers from COPD, making it a major public health concern. As air quality continues to deteriorate, the prevalence of COPD is expected to rise. In fact, it’s projected to become the third leading cause of death globally by 2050.

The Root Cause: Smoking

Smoking is the primary risk factor for COPD. A staggering 8 out of 10 COPD deaths are attributable to smoking. Nicotine, the addictive substance in cigarettes, hijacks the brain’s reward system, making it difficult for smokers to quit.

To successfully quit smoking, consider the following strategies:

• Set a Quit Date: Choose a specific date to quit and stick to it.
• Self-Motivation: Remind yourself of the benefits of quitting, such as improved health and financial savings.
• Seek Support: Enlist the help of a quit buddy or join a support group.

Managing COPD: A Holistic Approach

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for managing COPD. Pulmonary function tests can help assess lung function and guide treatment decisions.

Common treatment options for COPD include:

• Inhaler Therapy: Delivers medication directly to the lungs.
• Bronchodilators: Relax the airways, making breathing easier.
• Vaccinations: Protect against influenza and pneumonia.
• Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A comprehensive program to improve lung function and quality of life.

Protecting Your Lungs: Beyond Treatment

In addition to medical interventions, lifestyle modifications can help manage COPD:

• Air Quality Awareness: Monitor air quality indices and limit outdoor activities during periods of high pollution.
• Mask Usage: Wearing a mask can help filter out pollutants.
• Air Purifiers: Using an air purifier can improve indoor air quality.

Let’s make a pledge to prioritize lung health. Stop smoking and start walking towards a healthier future.

By taking steps to quit smoking and adopt a healthy lifestyle, we can reduce the burden of COPD and improve the quality of life for millions of people.

For any queries related to lung problems, visit Panacea Clinic.

Blog By 

Dr. Sameer Lote

Interventional Pulmonologist

The pulmonary function test is an important test which measures lung function and helps in managing and monitoring lung function.

Why should one perform Pulmonary function test?

The simple answer is to know the current lung status. It helps to diagnose the cause of breathlessness, cough, chest tightness or wheezing. It can be COPD -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or Asthma or any other lung disease.

Are there different types of PFT?

Yes, the basic lung parameters such as forced expiratory volume (in 1 sec usually reduced in COPD/Asthma) can be easily assessed by office spirometry. However Total lung capacity and diffusion (transfer of oxygen/other gases from lung to body) requires specialized test. These are required in some cases such as Interstitial lung disease. Sometimes respiratory muscle function is also analyzed by another special test.

Why are PFTs important?

PFTs are vital for the following reasons.
1. Early diagnosis
2. Disease monitoring
3. Surgical evaluation
4. Occupational and legal health

How much time does it take for the test?

It usually takes around 30-40 minutes to complete the test.

What to expect during the test? is it Painful?

It’s a noninvasive (painless) test. Avoid heavy meals prior to the test, wear loose clothing. You would be asked to breathe into a mouthpiece, technician will guide you for the breathing technique. Each test is performed multiple times, sometimes it can be exhaustive. Don’t worry, the better and forceful the breath the better are the results.

How to interpret PFT results

PFT is interpreted by trained professionals, usually pulmonologists. The doctor compares various test results using lung ratios and broadly categories them into obstructive or restrictive lung abnormality.
In conclusion, PFT is a very easy test and helps in effective diagnosis of lung ailments.

For any queries related to lung problems, visit Panacea Clinic.

Blog By 

Dr. Sameer Lote

Interventional Pulmonologist

It’s international breast cancer awareness month. While we come together to spread awareness, it’s interesting how this all started.
Let’s delve into the history. Let’s understand the power of unity.

NBCAM(National Breast Cancer Awareness Month) first started in October 1985. The first lady then, Betty Ford, wife of 38th US president Gerald Ford was a breast cancer survivor. She was prescribed the L-PAM regimen and underwent a radical mastectomy in 1974. She beat all the odds and sailed through the storm to come out as a survivor.
She realized that rather than cancer, it is the silence that kills women. Women were afraid to speak about their symptoms leading to disease progression and delay in diagnosis, let alone the emotional burden they would live with. At the time when talking about cancer was a taboo, she chose to be verbal about it.
Being a social activist and the First lady, she could drive more attention to her awareness campaigns. Betty Ford in collaboration American Cancer Society(ACS) and Imperial Chemical Industries (AstraZeneca) started week-long campaigns to promote mammography as the most effective diagnostic tool.
Concluding her 1975 ACS address, Ford said, “My illness turned out to have a very special purpose—helping save other lives, and I am grateful for what I was able to do.”

The tradition of use of colored ribbons started in 1979 when yellow ribbons were used for soldiers fighting in Gulf wars. Red ribbons with a loop were used years later as a symbol for those impacted by AIDS. Two parallel stories were running at the same time, both for the cause of awareness. One was with the help of a peach -colored ribbon distributed at grassroot level, started by Charlotte Haley (her mother, grandmother, sister being affected by breast cancer) around 1989. She insisted that more funds be diverted to research in breast cancer.
Other was from the cancer survivor and guest editor – Evelyn Lauder (Vice president of Estee Lauder Companies) for the then popular Self magazine. She along with Self magazine Editor-in-Chief, Alexandra Penney started the Pink ribbon campaign. They distributed the looped pink ribbon across New York city to raise awareness.

Pink ribbon gradually became symbolic to breast cancer.

It was hard to imagine back then, that these three ladies affected by breast cancer would became the voice of the nation. As the awareness increased, so did more voices and openness about the disease.
Awareness campaigns that were once localized to cities gradually picked momentum and were accepted internationally.

For any queries related to breast problems, visit Panacea Clinic.

Blog By

Dr. Arundhati Marathe Lote

Breast cancer is a prevalent and concerning health issue for women around the world. The incidence of breast cancer in India has peaked exponentially in the past decade. While there are certain factors beyond our control, such as genetics and family history, there are healthy habits and lifestyle changes we can make to help reduce the risk. Let’s explore five easy lifestyle changes that can contribute to lowering the risk of breast cancer. By incorporating thesebchanges into your daily routine, you can take proactive steps toward a healthier future.

One of the most impactful lifestyle changes you can make is to maintain a healthy weight. Studies have shown a clear link between obesity and an increased risk of breast cancer, especially among postmenopausal women. Every 5 kg/m2 increase in body mass index (BMI) corresponded to a 2% increase in breast cancer risk in women. Excess body fat leads to higher estrogen levels, which can fuel the growth of breast cancer cells. Your diet can have a profound impact on your breast cancer risk. To minimize the risk, focus on
consuming a variety of nutrient-dense foods. Include plenty of colorful fruits and vegetables, as they are packed with antioxidants and phytochemicals that can protect against cancer. Opt for lean sources of protein, such as poultry, fish, legumes, and tofu. Reduce your intake of processed and sugary foods, as they contribute to weight gain and inflammation. Incorporate healthy fats, like those found in avocados, nuts, and olive oil, as they provide beneficial nutrients. Combine this with regular exercise to help maintain a healthy weight and reduce your
risk.

Regular physical activity not only promotes overall well-being but also plays a significant role in breast cancer prevention. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise each week. Incorporate activities you enjoy, such as brisk walking, jogging, swimming, cycling, or dancing. Exercise helps regulate hormone levels, boosts the immune system, and reduces inflammation, all of which contribute to a lower risk of breast cancer. There is an average 25% risk reduction amongst physically active women as compared to the least active women. This 25% decrease in risk of breast cancer is strongest for recreational activity, for activity sustained over the lifetime or done after menopause, and for activity that is of moderate to vigorous intensity and performed regularly.

Pregnancy at a younger age and breastfeeding your children adequately are protective against breast cancer. Early pregnancy before the age of 30 years reduces the lifetime risk by 30-35%. The hormonal play and cellular differentiation during pregnancy are assumed to give a protective effect. Breastfeeding helps develop a bond with your child, builds up the newborn’s immunity, and helps to prevent post-partum depression. A very interesting but lesser-known fact is the protective effect of breastfeeding against breast cancer. If a woman feeds her child for a recommended period of 12-18 months, she is bound to reduce her lifetime risk of a sub-type of breast cancer by 20-25%. In fact, the lifetime duration of breastfeeding is inversely associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. Thus, planning pregnancy at a younger age and regular breastfeeding is something a woman should always keep in mind.

Evidence consistently shows a link between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of breast cancer. Even moderate alcohol intake can elevate estrogen levels and damage DNA, potentially leading to the development of cancerous cells. If you choose to drink alcohol, do so in moderation. The overall estimated association is an approximate 30-50% increase in breast cancer risk from 15-30 grams/day of alcohol consumption (about 1-2 drinks/day). If possible, consider reducing or eliminating alcohol from your lifestyle to minimize your risk further. Women who have been smoking for more than 10 years have a 10% higher risk of breast cancer than non-smokers. Passive smoking (smoke inhaled by people smoking around you) also moderately increases your chances of developing breast cancer. Smoking is injurious to health in all aspects, right from increasing heart ailments to causing cancer. The risk of
developing breast cancer decreases only 10 years after smoking cessation.

Early detection is crucial in successfully treating breast cancer. Regular self examinations and screenings play a significant role in detecting any abnormalities. Perform monthly breast self- exams to become familiar with your breasts and be vigilant for any changes. Additionally, follow the guidelines recommended by breast surgeons regarding mammograms or other screening tests based on your age, risk factors, and family history. By prioritizing breast health and taking proactive steps, you can catch potential issues early and seek timely medical attention if needed.

To conclude..
Reducing the risk of breast cancer involves a proactive approach to lifestyle choices. By implementing these five easy lifestyle changes, you can empower yourself with the knowledge and tools to minimize your risk. Remember, it is important to combine these changes with regular check-ups and consultations with your breast surgeon. Embrace a healthy weight, make smart dietary choices, engage in regular physical activity, limit alcohol consumption, quit smoking, breastfeed your children adequately and prioritize breast health. By doing so, you can take control of your well-being and move towards a healthier and breast cancer free future.

For any queries related to breast problems, visit Panacea Clinic.

Blog By

Dr. Arundhati Marathe Lote

Lung is the only organ which connects the outside and inside world together. It is simply the air which passes through various environments finally to be taken by a cell in form of dissolved oxygen which results in life. So many things happen at molecular level that sometimes feels like magic and spiritual. However, to take proper control of life we must make each breath count. For e.g., take in deep breath and try to hold it, if possible, use a smart watch and observe the heart rate, you will notice that the heart rate gradually slows down, now exhale as much as possible and again try to hold breath for as long as possible you will see further drop-in heart rate. In summary breathing is an efficient communicator with other organs.
Pulmonary rehabilitation overall improves quality of life, reduces disability, and improves effort tolerance. Overall lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation, proper nutrition, physical activity, adherence to medications especially inhalers (in respiratory patients) and vaccination are the key pillars for prolonged disease-free life. In some severe chronic patients often home oxygen support is also required which is known as long term oxygen therapy.
Let’s deal with this in detail.

Strategies for Strengthening Lungs and Prolonging Life

The lungs, being the organs that connect the outside and inside worlds, play a crucial role in sustaining life. The process of breathing involves the intake of air from various environments, which ultimately provides oxygen to the cells and supports life. It is truly fascinating how numerous molecular interactions occur during this process, almost akin to magic and spirituality. To take control of our lives, it is important to make each breath count. Here are some key strategies to strengthen the lungs and prolong life:

Overcoming the myth that “once a smoker, always a smoker” is crucial. Nicotine, the addictive substance in cigarettes, can be eliminated from the body. Set a quit date, inform your loved ones about your decision, and seek their support. Avoid the company of smokers, remove tobacco from your surroundings, and resist the temptation to purchase new tobacco products. Remember, smoking is not a solution to stress or lack of concentration; it only harms the body in the long term. Celebrate milestones of being smoke-free and stay committed to preventing relapses.

Maintain a well-balanced diet that includes all essential nutrients—carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Pay attention not only to what you eat but also to when you eat. Establishing a consistent mealtime schedule and consuming moderate portions contribute to a healthy lifestyle. In cases of chronic lung disease, consider incorporating extra protein into your diet.

Engage in daily physical activity, such as a 20-minute brisk walk and endurance exercises. Consistency is key, and activities like interval exercise training, strength training, breathing exercises, yoga, or any form of exercise that suits you can improve your quality of life. For individuals with chronic respiratory conditions like COPD, upper extremity and ventilatory muscle exercises should be considered.

For individuals with obstructive airway diseases, it is important to use inhalers correctly and follow the prescribed dosage. Inhalers are stigmatized, but they are essential for managing respiratory illnesses. Similar to insulin for a diabetic, using inhalers properly prevents disease progression, exacerbation of symptoms, hospitalization, increased healthcare costs, and a diminished quality of life. Remember, prevention is better than cure, but early treatment is the next best option.

Ultimately, it is our personal responsibility to prioritize our health. So, start walking and stop smoking. Incorporate the above strategies into your life and take control of your well-being.

For any queries related to lung problems, visit Panacea Clinic.

Blog By 

Dr. Sameer Lote

Interventional Pulmonologist

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and it is also one of the deadliest. Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women, after skin cancer. According to the World Health Organization, there were over 2 million new cases of lung cancer in 2020 alone.
Lung cancer is also one of the most prevalent cancers, with an estimated 9.6 million people living with the disease globally in 2020. Smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, accounting for around 85% of cases. Other risk factors include exposure to radon, air pollution, occupational exposure to certain chemicals, and a family history of lung cancer. The early symptoms of lung cancer may be nonspecific, such as a persistent cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. As the disease progresses, other symptoms may include coughing up blood, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss.
For people at high risk of developing lung cancer, such as current or former smokers, regular screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans can detect the disease at an early stage when it is more treatable. However, in country like India where resources are limited hence implementation of screening program is difficult.

Healthy lifestyle practices and avoidance of smoking can significantly reduce one’s chance of developing lung cancer. Treatment options for lung cancer depend on the type and stage of the disease, but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The prognosis for lung cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the type of cancer, and the patient’s overall health. The 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is around 21%, but this varies widely depending on the stage of the disease.

Following are some facts which should be pondered:

1. Vaping: Although e-cigarettes are marketed as a safer alternative to smoking, vaping can still increase the risk of lung cancer. Vaping exposes the lungs to harmful chemicals, including carcinogens and toxins, that can damage lung tissue and lead to cancer.

2. Exposure to Radon: Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is found in rocks, soil, and water. Exposure to high levels of radon can increase the risk of lung cancer, especially in those who smoke.

3. Outdoor Air Pollution: Air pollution from industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and other sources can contribute to the development of lung cancer.

4. Indoor Air Pollution: Exposure to indoor air pollution, such as smoke from cooking, heating with wood or coal, and secondhand smoke, can increase the risk of lung cancer.

5. Smoking: Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemicals, including carcinogens, that damage the cells in the lungs and can lead to cancer.

6. Occupational Exposure: Exposure to asbestos, silica, diesel exhaust, and other substances at work can increase the risk of lung cancer.

7. Genetics: Some people may be genetically predisposed to lung cancer, especially if they have a family history of the disease.

8. Poor Diet: A diet high in saturated fat, processed foods, and low in fruits and vegetables can increase the risk of lung cancer.

9. Lack of Exercise: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of many diseases, including lung cancer.

10. Chronic Inflammation: Chronic inflammation, such as that caused by conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, can increase the risk of lung cancer.

For any queries related to lung problems, visit Panacea Clinic.

Blog By 

Dr. Sameer Lote

Interventional Pulmonologist