Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and it is also one of the deadliest. Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women, after skin cancer. According to the World Health Organization, there were over 2 million new cases of lung cancer in 2020 alone.
Lung cancer is also one of the most prevalent cancers, with an estimated 9.6 million people living with the disease globally in 2020. Smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, accounting for around 85% of cases. Other risk factors include exposure to radon, air pollution, occupational exposure to certain chemicals, and a family history of lung cancer. The early symptoms of lung cancer may be nonspecific, such as a persistent cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. As the disease progresses, other symptoms may include coughing up blood, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss.
For people at high risk of developing lung cancer, such as current or former smokers, regular screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans can detect the disease at an early stage when it is more treatable. However, in country like India where resources are limited hence implementation of screening program is difficult.
Healthy lifestyle practices and avoidance of smoking can significantly reduce one’s chance of developing lung cancer. Treatment options for lung cancer depend on the type and stage of the disease, but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The prognosis for lung cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the type of cancer, and the patient’s overall health. The 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is around 21%, but this varies widely depending on the stage of the disease.
Following are some facts which should be pondered:
1. Vaping: Although e-cigarettes are marketed as a safer alternative to smoking, vaping can still increase the risk of lung cancer. Vaping exposes the lungs to harmful chemicals, including carcinogens and toxins, that can damage lung tissue and lead to cancer.
2. Exposure to Radon: Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is found in rocks, soil, and water. Exposure to high levels of radon can increase the risk of lung cancer, especially in those who smoke.
3. Outdoor Air Pollution: Air pollution from industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and other sources can contribute to the development of lung cancer.
4. Indoor Air Pollution: Exposure to indoor air pollution, such as smoke from cooking, heating with wood or coal, and secondhand smoke, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
5. Smoking: Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemicals, including carcinogens, that damage the cells in the lungs and can lead to cancer.
6. Occupational Exposure: Exposure to asbestos, silica, diesel exhaust, and other substances at work can increase the risk of lung cancer.
7. Genetics: Some people may be genetically predisposed to lung cancer, especially if they have a family history of the disease.
8. Poor Diet: A diet high in saturated fat, processed foods, and low in fruits and vegetables can increase the risk of lung cancer.
9. Lack of Exercise: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of many diseases, including lung cancer.
10. Chronic Inflammation: Chronic inflammation, such as that caused by conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
STOP SMOKING, START WALKING….
For any queries related to lung problems, visit Panacea Clinic.
Blog By
Dr. Sameer Lote
Interventional Pulmonologist